Osteology (The Bony System or Skeleton)
Osteology (Osteo: bone; logy: study) is the branch of anatomy that deals with the detailed analysis of structure, function and diseases of the skeletal elements. It constitutes the bony framework of the body. Topics covered include:
- Structure of a Normal Human Bone
- The Vertebral Column
- The Cervical Column
- The Cervical Vertebrae
- The Thoracic Vertebrae
- The Lumbar Vertebrae
- The Sacral Vertebrae
- The Coccygeal Vertebrae
- The Thorax
- The Sternum (Chest or Breast Bone)
- The Ribs
- The Costal Cartilages
- The Skull
- The Cranial Bones
- Norma Basalis
- Norma Frontalis
- Norma Occipitalis
- Norma Lateralis
- The Interior View
- The Facial Bones
- The Extremities
- The Bones of the Upper Extremity
- The Scapula
- The Humerus
- The Ulna
- The Hand Bones
- The Bones of the Lower Extremity
- The Femur
- The Patella
- The Tibia
- The Foot Bones
Syndesmology (The Articulations or Joints)
Syndesmology is defined as the branch of anatomy that deals with the joints and their components (including ligaments). The junctions of bones, where multiple parts of the individual bones connect together are called as articulations or joints. These articulations are further supported by sheets of tough fibrous tissue that connect the joint bones together, and are termed as the ligaments. You'll learn about:
- Classification of Joints
- Articulations of the Trunk
- Articulation of the Atlas with the Axis
- Articulations of the vertebral Column with the Cranium
- Articulation of the Mandible
- Articulations of the Ribs with the Vertebrae
- Articulations of the Cartilages of the Ribs with the Sternum
- Articulations of the Sternum
- Articulation of the Vertebral Column with the Pelvis
- Articulations of the Pelvis
- Articulations of the Upper Extremity
- The Acromioclaviar Articulation
- The Humeral Articulation
- The Elbow Articulation
- The Radioulnar Articulation
- The Radiocarpal Articulation
- The Intercarpal Articulations
- The Carpometacarpal Articulations
- The Metacarpophalangeal Articulations
- The Articulations of the Digits
- Articulations of the Lower Extremity
- The Knee Articulation
- The Articulations between Tibia and Fibula
- The Talocrural Articulation
- The Intertarsal Articulations
Myology (The Muscular System)
The muscle cells of the human body facilitate the movements of various body parts through their special function of contraction in response to a requisite external or internal stimulus. Topics covered include:
- The Muscles of the head
- The Muscles of the Eyelid
- The Muscles of the Nose
- The Muscles of the Mouth
- The Muscles of Mastication
- The Muscles of the Anterolateral Region of the Neck
- The Lateral Cervical Muscles
- The Infra- and Supra-hyoid Muscles
- The Anterior Vertebral Muscles
- The Lateral Vertebral Muscles
- The Muscles of the Trunk
- The Suboccipital Muscles
- The Muscles of the Thorax
- The Muscles of the Abdomen
- The Muscles of the Pelvis
- The Muscles of the Perineum
- The Muscles of the Upper Extremity
- The Muscles Connecting the Upper Extremity to the Anterior and Lateral Thoracic Walls
- The Muscles of the Shoulder
- The Muscles of the Arm
- The Muscles of the Forearm
- The Muscles of the Hand
- The Muscles of the Lower Extremity
- The Muscles of the Thigh
- The Muscles of the Leg
- The Muscles of the Foot
Angiology (The Vascular System)
The human vascular system comprises a series of tubes (which are known as vessels) that travel in almost all parts of the human body. Topics covered include:
- The Blood
- The Thoracic Cavity
- The Arteries (An Introduction)
- The Aorta
- The Arteries of the Head and Neck
- The Arteries of the Upper Extremity
- The Arteries of the Trunk
- The Arteries of the Lower Extremity
- The Veins (An introduction)
- The Systemic Veins
- The Veins of the Head and Neck
- The Veins of the Upper Extremity, Thorax and Vertebral Column
- The Veins of the Lower Extremity, Abdomen, and Pelvis
- The Portal System of Veins
Lymphangiology (The Lymphatic System)
The human lymphatic system is closely linked with the blood and the vascular system. Both of these systems work in an intimate association with each other and transport vital fluids throughout the body via a system of vessels. The lymph capillaries and lymphatics are the special vessels that serve to transport a fluid (called lymph). This fluid eventually gets back to the blood from where it originated. The lymphatic system also facilitates to control and destroy a large number of microorganisms that can become the prime cause of a person's disease or death. Topics covered include:
- The Thoracic Duct
- The Lymphatics of the Head, Face and Neck
- The Lymphatics of the Upper Extremity
- The Lymphatics of the Lower Extremity
- The Lymphatics of the Abdomen and Pelvis
- The Lymphatics of the Thorax
- The Major Lymph Nodes (or Glands) of Human Lymphatic System
Neurology (The Nervous System)
The nervous system constitutes the body's control center and the communication network and directs the functions of multiple body organs and systems. It helps the individual to interpret the external environmental events and respond to various environmental stimuli. Topics covered include:
- The Spinal Cord (or Medulla Spinalis)
- The Brain or Encephalon
- The Cranial Nerves
- The Spinal Nerves
- The Sympathetic Nerves
The Organs of the Senses and the Common Integument
The humans are rewarded with the five special senses of smell, taste, vision, hearing and balance. The senses of taste and smell are created by the interaction of chemicals with the sensory receptors on the tongue and in the nose. The vision is formed by the interaction of light with the sensory receptors in the eye. The mechanical stimuli interact with the sensory receptors in the ears to facilitate the function of hearing and balance. Topics covered include:
- The Organ of Taste
- The Organ of Smell
- The Organ of Sight
- The Organ of Hearing
- The Common Integument
Splanchnology (The Visceral System)
The splanchnology is defined as the branch of anatomy that deals with the study of the characteristics and structure of the visceral system and its organs. Topics covered include:
- The Reproductive System
- The Female Reproductive System
- The Urinary System
- The Respiratory System
- The Digestive System
- The Endocrine System